Bakaalouriyous, Licence or Ijaaza? The Complexities of Higher Education in North Africa

This presentation was given at the 2007 National Association of Graduate Admissions Professionals (NAGAP) Conference in Orlando, FL. It was prepared by senior evaluators Traci Wells and Emily Tse, along with Kristen Cammarata, who is the Regional Educational Advising Coordinator for North Africa, the Middle East and Southern Europe. It provided a comparative analysis of the educational systems of Egypt, Sudan, Algeria, and Morocco, including influences from Arabic-speaking, Anglophone, and Francophone countries. The session concluded with perspectives on the experiences of students from this region who have sought admission into US programs.

A Brief Outline of the Educational Structure of Peru

This poster session took place at the 2003 NAFSA – Association of International Educators conference in Salt Lake City, UT. Prepared by Carole Khoury, a senior evaluator at IERF, it provided a snapshot of the educational system of Peru with the key credentials and terms at each level. An educational ladder was included at the end.

Junior, Vocational and Technical Colleges in Japan

This presentation was delivered by senior evaluators I-Hsing Lin and Emily Tse at the 2005 NAFSA – Association of International Educators conference in Seattle, WA. It provided an in-depth look at the postsecondary opportunities available outside the traditional four-year bachelor’s degree in Japan. Emphasis was given to programs offered at tanki daigaku (junior colleges), senmon gakko (vocational colleges) and koto senmon gakko (technical colleges).

Kurdish Credentials

This article deals with the authenticity of educational credentials from the war-torn Kurdish autonomous zone in Northern Iraq. It was prepared by Herman de Leeuw, who holds the position of Senior Recognition Officer at the Informatie Beheer Groep in the Netherlands. Previously, Herman held the position of senior evaluator at Nuffic (The Netherlands Organization for International Cooperation in Higher Education).

Secondary Education in South Asia: Understanding Diversity and Decoding Complexity

This presentation was provided at the 2007 NAFSA – Association of International Educators conference in Minneapolis, MN. It was prepared by IERF senior evaluators
I-Hsing Lin and Emily Tse, along with Vijaya Khandavilli and Zarene Malik, representatives from the US Educational Foundations in India and Pakistan, respectively. This session focused on the differences and similarities of the secondary educational systems of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Trends in international students from these countries were also highlighted.

South African Higher Education - Update

This paper is a supplement to the presentation Update on Education in South Africa: An Overview with Reference to Higher Education, delivered by Richard van Huyssteen on April 15, 2002 at the American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers (AACRAO) Annual Meeting in Minneapolis, MN. Richard came to the Minneapolis meeting as a recipient of an IERF Research Grant for 2001-2002 and represented both IERF and the University of Cape Town at the meeting. This paper expands on his presentation in Minneapolis and is best understood in connection with the charts that accompany it.

The information in this section is copyrighted by IERF. Duplication of any information contained in this section for reasons other than for personal use requires the written permission of IERF. While IERF makes every attempt to present accurate and reliable information, it does not endorse, certify or guarantee the accuracy, completeness or timeliness of such information. IERF is not liable for any errors or omissions in the information presented. The views expressed in these articles and/or papers do not necessarily reflect those of the staff or board of IERF.

For more information on Publications, please visit:

Our Team's Publications

Articles and Conference Papers

Country Index